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This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of single\u2010donor (SD) or multi\u2010donor (MD) FMT in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal samples were collected from NAFLD patients and healthy controls with similar baseline characteristics, with gut microbiota analyzed. Mice were fed either a normal\u2010chow diet (NCD) or a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) for 3\u00a0weeks and then administered fecal microbiota collected from healthy SDs or MDs for 12\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fecal samples from NAFLD patients showed significantly lower microbial diversity than those from healthy controls. MD\u2010FMT reduced liver fat accumulation and body weight and significantly improved serum and liver biochemical indices in HFD\u2010fed mice. Compared to untreated HFD\u2010fed mice, MD\u2010FMT significantly decreased the relative expression of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u20101\u03b2 mRNAs in the liver. The relative protein level of intestinal barrier components, including claudin\u20101, occludin, and E\u2010cadherin, as well as serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in mice, were found to be improved following MD\u2010FMT intervention. Furthermore, FMT reversed HFD\u2010induced gut dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as\n                      <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAFLD patients and healthy controls showed distinct gut microbiota. Likewise, HFD altered gut microbiota in mice compared to NCD\u2010fed controls. MD\u2010FMT restored gut dysbiosis in HFD\u2010fed mice and attenuated liver steatosis, and should be considered as an effective treatment option for NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T04:25:52Z","timestamp":1696393552000},"page":"2195-2205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Multi\u2010donor fecal microbiota transplantation attenuated high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced hepatic steatosis in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Diwen","family":"Shou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center Guangzhou First People's Hospital  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingling","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center Guangzhou First People's Hospital  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center Guangzhou First People's Hospital  Guangzhou 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