{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:44:00Z","timestamp":1791909840189,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92059207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92059207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of cholecystectomy, which blocks the cholecystohepatic shunt pathway (CHSP), on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Hepatic secondary bile acids (BAs) inhibit natural killer T (NKT) cell\u2010mediated immunity against HCC, and the regulation of homeostasis of hepatic secondary BAs is controlled by the CHSP. However, the influence of CHSP on NKT cell\u2010mediated immunity against HCC remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical data of hospitalized patients undergoing HCC resection were collected. Meanwhile, an in situ HCC mouse model was established, and the CHSP was augmented using oleanolic acid (OA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 1:1 propensity score matching, Cox regression analysis revealed that cholecystectomy was an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence after hepatectomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027, hazard ratio: 1.599, 95% confidence interval: 1.055\u20132.422). Experimentally, when OA enhanced CHSP, a significant decrease was observed in the accumulation of secondary BAs in the livers of mice. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the levels of C\u2010X\u2010C ligand 16 and interferon \u03b3 in the serum and tumor tissues. Further, the percentage of C\u2010X\u2010C receptor 6 (+) NKT cells in the tumor tissues increased significantly, and the growth of liver tumors was inhibited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This clinical study revealed that cholecystectomy promoted the recurrence after radical hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Preserving the normal\u2010functioning gallbladder as much as possible during surgery may be beneficial to the patient's prognosis. Further investigation into the mechanism revealed that CHSP enhanced NKT cell\u2010mediated immunity against HCC by reducing the hepatic accumulation of secondary BAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T08:18:52Z","timestamp":1715761132000},"page":"1684-1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cholecystohepatic shunt pathway reduces secondary bile acid accumulation to enhance natural killer T cell\u2010mediated anti\u2010hepatocellular carcinoma immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenglu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan 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Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Zizhong County People's Hospital  Neijiang Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery) The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic 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