{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:51:47Z","timestamp":1767984707229,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) infection is a bacterial disease of the stomach that has been associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis. While the updated German guideline emphasizes the relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> as a pathogen and recommends eradication therapy, systematic data on the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection, its eradication, and the subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis in Germany are missing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 25\u00a0416 patients with and 25\u00a0416 propensity score\u2010matched individuals without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection were identified from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) between 2005 and 2021. A subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis was analyzed as a function of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection as well as its eradication using Cox regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 10\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, 8.0% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 5.8% of patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection were diagnosed with cholelithiasis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection and cholelithiasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33\u20131.58), which was stronger in men (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.41\u20131.90) than in women (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.52). In terms of eradication therapy, both an eradicated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.31\u20131.67) and a non\u2010eradicated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.25\u20131.60) were associated with a subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study reveals a strong association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection and a subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis in a large real\u2010world cohort from Germany. Eradication therapy was not associated with a reduced incidence of cholelithiasis in our cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T02:09:45Z","timestamp":1715134185000},"page":"1809-1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<scp><i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i><\/scp> infection associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis: A retrospective real\u2010world cohort study of 50\u00a0832 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sven H","family":"Loosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8427-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Killer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Luedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Roderburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology IQVIA  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(84)91816\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.5.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i28.4076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8886085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i9.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038\u2010016\u20100916\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101401\u20102170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Ten\u2010year incidence and natural history of gallstone disease in a rural population of women in central Italy. 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