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The genetic heterogeneity in the HBV surface and polymerase genes during finite NA therapy has not been carefully studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven chronic HBV\u2010infected patients experiencing relapses following entecavir (ETV;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05; Patients 1 to 5) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02; Patients 6 and 7) withdrawal were included. Sera obtained before treatment and at relapses were retrieved and submitted for DNA extraction and amplicon\u2010specific deep sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ETV\u2010treated patients had a longer time\u2010to\u2010relapse than that of TDF\u2010treated patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0357). No drug\u2010resistance related polymerase mutation was detected during relapses, except for a low percentage (1.4%) of rtM204I mutation in Patient 1. Two surface truncation mutations (sW216*; 40.9% and sW182*; 4.7%) detected before treatment in two TDF\u2010treated patients (Patients 6 and 7, respectively) were overtaken by the wild types during subsequent drug\u2010withdrawal\u2010related relapses. The simultaneous presence of sG44E (T\u2010cell epitope) and sE164G (B\u2010cell epitope) mutations was associated with failure of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroclearance in ETV\u2010treated patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, HBV genome continues to evolve during the courses of finite antiviral therapies. Pre\u2010existing surface truncation mutations can be overtaken by the wild types after relapses. The sG44E\/sE164G mutations are associated with failure of HBeAg seroclearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T20:08:35Z","timestamp":1730837315000},"page":"265-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolution of hepatitis B virus polymerase and surface genes in patients receiving finite antiviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010De","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Huan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Yung","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Lang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Liver Research Unit and Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Keelung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kung\u2010Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Department Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chau\u2010Ting","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-939752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11833-11841.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"2017","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. 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