{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:53:05Z","timestamp":1789584785951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Health claims for many probiotic\u2010labeled products are poorly substantiated. This technical review addressed the clinical question: \u201cDo probiotics have a role in the management of the following conditions in childhood?\u201d Evidence supports efficacy for probiotic strains of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    GG for improving outcomes of acute gastroenteritis, of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L.\u2009rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    GG for antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhea, and of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    diarrhea. For functional constipation and GERD, a role for probiotics is questionable as evidence of efficacy is either absent or marginal and as existing treatments are effective. For infantile colic and chronic abdominal pain, where existing treatments have limited efficacy and some important side effects, the use of probiotics, given their safety, is recommended, notwithstanding the evidence is low to moderate. While there is some evidence that probiotics could improve outcomes in the management of celiac disease, obesity, and, to a lesser extent, promotion of growth, their role is adjunctive as dietary management is fundamental. The evidence also supports an adjunctive role for probiotics in the treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection and ulcerative colitis. Decisions on probiotic prescription need to take into account disease tempo, severity, and burden, as well as probiotic strain and dose. Any potential advantage will have to be weighed against the complexity and costs of an additional treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T19:07:21Z","timestamp":1731611241000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4813-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kok\u2010Ann","family":"Gwee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Gleneagles Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6401-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Ren Warren","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Camden Medical Centre and Endocrinology Service  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1451-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"QiQi","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics St Thomas Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4777-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang Kuan","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Paediatric Medicine KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion M.","family":"Aw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Khoo Teck Puat\u2010National University Children's Medical Institute National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0769-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Han","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Tan Tock Seng Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea","volume":"2010","author":"Allen SJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815569200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2000.tb02656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3180375594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","article-title":"Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile\u2010associated diarrhea in adults and children","volume":"12","author":"Goldenberg JZ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617736987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","article-title":"Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhea","volume":"4","author":"Guo Q","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2017.66055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.33.168.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31816c4372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2004.tb12140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2019.01613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.898251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2972-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000175905.00212.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","article-title":"Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","volume":"7","author":"Limketkai BN","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","article-title":"Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","volume":"3","author":"Kaur L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2022\/40\/2020447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04319-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.00787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.166397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","unstructured":"Health Sciences Authority.Regulatory overview of health supplements 2024. September 12024. Available from:https:\/\/www.hsa.gov.sg\/health\u2010supplements\/overview."}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.16809","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.16809","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.16809","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T01:14:54Z","timestamp":1771204494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.16809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.16809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16809","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}