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Screening of esophageal cancer (both endoscopic and nonendoscopic methods) is recommended in patients suffering from long\u2010term acid reflux symptoms associated with high\u2010risk factors and surveillance in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and CT scan is essential for diagnosis and staging of the disease. Endoscopic therapy can be used to treat early diseases. Surgery remains a mainstay treatment. Multimodality treatment strategies involving combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and more recently immunotherapy and target therapies are gaining momentum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:11:09Z","timestamp":1750803069000},"page":"1861-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Carcinoma of Esophagus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Cancer Institute University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Kansas  Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/4.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010021\u201008764\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.21.00256"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201020\u20100660"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235179"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr117"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0914\u20101040b"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277\u2010014\u20102458\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253\u2010019\u201000579\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2411"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(16)30240\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102021\u2010326698"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201000650\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3357"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568\u2010021\u201000400\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1905447"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000\u20109604.2020.06.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001680"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","unstructured":"R. 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