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Its association with liver disease has garnered significant attention; however, its exact impact remains controversial. This review aims to enhance the current understanding of the dual role of IL\u201022 in liver disease by exploring its protective and pathogenic effects. First, we provide an overview of IL\u201022 biology, including its source, receptors, and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we offer a comprehensive overview of the dual function of IL\u201022 in non\u2010neoplastic liver disease, emphasizing its antiapoptotic and regenerative properties. We also discuss the applicability of the conclusions drawn from studies on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease. Furthermore, we elaborate on the intricate role of IL\u201022 in hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly its influence on the tumor microenvironment, proliferation, and immune evasion. In conclusion, IL\u201022 is paradoxical in liver disease, acting as a friend and foe. It is imperative to understand this paradox to develop targeted therapies that capitalize on the beneficial effects of IL\u201022 while mitigating its detrimental effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:01:29Z","timestamp":1747144889000},"page":"1393-1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Navigating the Paradox of IL\u201022: Friend or Foe in Hepatic Health?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2713-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianqi","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Department of General Surgery Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College; Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology of Gansu Province  Lanzhou Gansu 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