{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:47:13Z","timestamp":1784634433908,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82203154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82203154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3332024205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3332024205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esophageal cancer (EC) is a major global health issue, with its burden disproportionately affecting Asia. However, a comprehensive analysis using the latest data and robust future projections for the continent is lacking. We aimed to assess the current EC burden in Asia and project its trajectory to 2050.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted 2022 incidence and mortality data for 47 Asian countries from the GLOBOCAN database. Age\u2010standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated. We analyzed long\u2010term trends using joinpoint regression and assessed correlations between ASRs and the Human Development Index (HDI). Projections to 2050 were calculated based on demographic changes, assuming constant current cancer rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 2022, Asia shouldered a disproportionate global burden, accounting for approximately 75% of new esophageal cancer cases (382\u2009800) and deaths (329\u2009800). The burden was heavily concentrated in males and individuals aged 50 and over, with stark geographical disparities; countries like Bangladesh and Mongolia recorded some of the world's highest age\u2010standardized rates. A significant negative correlation was observed between disease rates and the Human Development Index (HDI) in females (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but not in males. Driven purely by demographic changes (population growth and aging), the number of new cases is projected to increase by 89% to 729\u2009000 and deaths by 97% to 649\u2009000 by 2050.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asia's immense EC burden is set to nearly double by 2050 due to demographic shifts, which highlights the substantial pressure on healthcare systems. Mitigating this impending crisis requires immediate, evidence\u2010based interventions focusing on risk factor control and stratified screening for high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:19:56Z","timestamp":1777519196000},"page":"1777-1791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden of Esophageal Cancer in Asia in 2022 and Projections for 2050"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8521-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou University Medical College  Shantou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-4166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gefei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanda","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousheng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Esophageal Cancer Global Burden Profiles, Trends, and Contributors","volume":"21","author":"Teng Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Changes in Esophageal Cancer Survival: A Global Review of Survival Analysis From Cancer Registration Data Over the Past Three Decades","volume":"38","author":"Ye Z. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedical and Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-2019-gi-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14835"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1587846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Bank W. \u201cWorld Bank Database \u201d (2025) https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Cancer Mortality for Selected Sites in 24 Countries (1950\u20131957)","author":"Susumu M. S. F.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents: A Technical Report","author":"Waterhouse R. D. P. P. J.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"J.Ferlay e.a. \u201cGlobal Cancer Observatory: Cancer Tomorrow (Version 1.1) \u201d (2024): [cited 2025 August 12 2025] https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/tomorrow."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i26.7933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.551890"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00718-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl240111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-021-00882-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0496-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17706-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-025-00422-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03594-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-021-00892-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02663-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221138156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00981-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03824-z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.70400","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.70400","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.70400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:07:44Z","timestamp":1781791664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.70400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.70400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.70400","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}