{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:52:07Z","timestamp":1789757527124,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017094","name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fontan circulation is associated with progressive multisystem dysfunction, yet its biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. Gut microbiota\u2013derived metabolites, particularly short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, shape cardiovascular health. We previously reported elevated secondary bile acids in Fontan patients, but their SCFA profile remains uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fontan patients and matched healthy subjects were evaluated by body composition, frailty, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, hemodynamics, and plasma SCFA quantification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty Fontan patients (25.5\u2009years [IQR: 22.8\u201330.3]; 35% women) and 20 healthy controls (30.0\u2009years [25.8\u201334.3]; 30% women) were enrolled. Compared to controls, Fontan patients exhibited elevated plasma levels of several SCFAs: propionic acid (1.84 [1.45\u20132.68] vs. 1.19 [1.07\u20131.49] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), butyric acid (1.27 [0.90\u20131.71] vs. 0.75 [0.52\u20130.94] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), valeric acid (0.25 [0.15\u20130.36] vs. 0.13 [0.11\u20130.16] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.001), and caproic acid (0.44 [0.35\u20130.67] vs. 0.25 [0.21\u20130.39] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.001). Acetic acid levels did not differ significantly between groups. Additionally, branched\u2010chain SCFAs were elevated in Fontan patients: isobutyric acid (0.44 [0.32\u20130.68] vs. 0.26 [0.23\u20130.30] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and 2\u2010methylbutyric acid (0.38 [0.27\u20130.58] vs. 0.19 [0.15\u20130.25] \u03bcM;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Notably, caproic, isobutyric, and 2\u2010methylbutyric acids showed strong correlations with key clinical and hemodynamic parameters. Furthermore, isobutyric and 2\u2010methylbutyric acids were significantly correlated with dehydrolithocholic acid levels (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.67 and 0.54, respectively) and other bile acid components.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fontan patients have elevated plasma straight and branched SCFAs linked to adverse clinical and hemodynamic profiles; further evaluation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:21:14Z","timestamp":1777692074000},"page":"1825-1836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of Fontan Circulation With Gut Microbiome Derived Straight and Branched Short Chain Fatty Acids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9396-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish\u00a0H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather\u00a0K.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics UAlberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome BC Proteomics Centre and Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0R.","family":"Goodlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Genome BC Proteomics Centre University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Ravandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Dhingra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba 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