{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:22:50Z","timestamp":1790875370226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages. While cholelithiasis is a primary risk factor, the role of the biliary microbiome and its metabolic products in driving carcinogenesis is increasingly recognized. This review synthesizes multi\u2010omics data to elucidate the interplay between microbial dysbiosis and metabolomic shifts in GBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed (up to January 2026) focusing on biliary bacteria, the gut\u2013bile axis, and multi\u2010omics markers. A narrative synthesis integrated findings from metagenomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic studies involving human cohorts and experimental models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GBC is characterized by profound biliary dysbiosis, specifically the enrichment of\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. This taxonomic shift triggers a pro\u2010carcinogenic metabolomic flux, where microbial 7\u03b1\u2010dehydroxylation converts primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), which induce DNA damage and promote tumor growth. Metaproteomic signatures identify bacterial proteins (e.g., QDR3, ompA) that facilitate biofilm formation and oxidative stress evasion. Furthermore, emerging paradigms like cross\u2010species horizontal gene transfer (HGT) suggest that microbial genetic material can directly modulate host oncogenic pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GBC multi\u2010omics landscape reveals a complex gut\u2013bile axis where microbial and chemical factors converge. These integrated signatures offer potential as noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and precision therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:41:48Z","timestamp":1780652508000},"page":"2062-2072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Biliary Multi\u2010Omics Landscape: Integrating Microbiome and Metabolomics in Gallbladder Carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Doutrina","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruhi","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Assessment India (HTAIn) Resource Center Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1496-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"},{"name":"Health Technology Assessment India (HTAIn) Resource Center Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"},{"name":"DHR\u2010ICMR Advanced Molecular Oncology Diagnostic Services (DIAMOnDS) Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1374238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200302000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i5.1414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70589-X"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Bacteriological Studies of Bile From the Gallbladder in Patients With Carcinoma of the Gallbladder, Cholelithiasis, Common Bile Duct Stones and No Gallstones Disease","volume":"160","author":"Csendes A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Surgery. 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