{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:49:22Z","timestamp":1791877762034,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intestinal gas and malodor are common nutrition\u2010related concerns that may influence dietary adherence, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life. Although gas volume and odor are often treated as a single outcome, they arise from partly distinct processes. Bulk intestinal gas is generated principally through swallowed air, acid\u2013bicarbonate reactions, and microbial fermentation, whereas malodor is determined mainly by trace volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide. Their production depends on dietary sulfur amino acids, sulfate, taurine, host\u2010derived substrates, microbial cross\u2010feeding, intestinal transit, luminal chemistry, and gas\u2013liquid partitioning. This review integrates evidence concerning dietary determinants of intestinal gas, gut microbial sulfur metabolism, nutritional and microbiome\u2010directed interventions, and downstream odor\u2010control strategies. The concept of conditional sound\u2013odor discordance is retained as a secondary framework illustrating that gas volume, acoustic intensity, and odor burden should not be considered interchangeable endpoints. Human dietary trials indicate that low\u2010FODMAP diets and substrate\u2010specific enzymes may reduce fermentation\u2010related symptoms or total gas production, but they do not necessarily suppress sulfur\u2010derived odorants. Probiotic evidence remains strain\u2010specific and largely indirect, whereas sulfide\u2010binding compounds and external adsorptive devices target odor\u2010active molecules more directly. Future nutritional studies should combine controlled dietary exposure with measurements of gas volume, volatile sulfur compounds, microbial functional pathways, intestinal transit, and perceived odor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:31:00Z","timestamp":1791876660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary and Microbial Determinants of Intestinal Sulfur Gas and Malodor: Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Nutritional Mitigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology Yeungnam University  Gyeongsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010019\u20100193\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033109","article-title":"The Effects of Bacillus Coagulans MTCC 5856 on Functional Gas and Bloating in Adults: A Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"102","author":"Majeed M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab332","article-title":"A Posteriori Dietary Patterns Better Explain Variations of the Gut Microbiome Than Individual Markers in the American Gut Project","volume":"115","author":"Cotillard A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0007996","article-title":"Physics of Flatulence","volume":"150","author":"Ancalle D. 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