{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:39:45Z","timestamp":1776325185494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Organization for Health Research and Development Grant","award":["8140.0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8140.0006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the long\u2010term effects of the EXBELT intervention program, which was designed to reduce belt restraint use and was found to be effective immediately after implementation, after 24\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quasi\u2010experimental longitudinal design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen nursing homes: seven assigned to control group and six to intervention group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A panel group (n\u00a0=\u00a0225) of residents present at baseline and 24\u00a0months after baseline and a survey group (n\u00a0=\u00a0689) of all residents present 24\u00a0months after baseline. The survey group included the panel group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EXBELT included four components: a policy change, an educational program, consultation, and availability of alternative interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of belt restraints 24\u00a0months after baseline was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included other types of physical restraints. An independent observer collected data four times during a 24\u2010hour period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EXBELT resulted in a 65% decrease in belt use between baseline and 24\u00a0months after baseline in the panel group (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a00.13\u20130.93;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.04). In the survey group, the proportion of residents using belts was 13% in the control and 3% in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) 24\u00a0months after baseline. The use of the most restrictive types of restraints was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group in the panel and survey groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EXBELT intervention was associated with long\u2010term minimization of belt restraint usage in older nursing home residents. A multicomponent intervention including institutional policy change, education, consultation, and the availability of alternative interventions had an enduring effect on successful restraint reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T01:24:35Z","timestamp":1357781075000},"page":"107-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Reduction of Belt Restraint Use: Long\u2010Term Effects of the\n                    <scp>EXBELT<\/scp>\n                    Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Math J. M.","family":"Gulpers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel H. C.","family":"Bleijlevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Ambergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology and Statistics School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Capezuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing New York University New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"van Rossum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Centre on Autonomy and Participation Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Heerlen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan P. H.","family":"Hamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"College of Nursing New York University New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2004.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.6.737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/32.6.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Reducing physical restraints in nursing homes: Results of a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Hamers JPH","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-20010401-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70116-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-9-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-6-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-10-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01469.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1329"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"CD007546","article-title":"Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints in long\u2010term geriatric care","volume":"16","author":"Mohler R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096973309800500406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-20011001-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-19961001-13"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.12057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.12057","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.12057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:43:13Z","timestamp":1762180993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.12057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.12057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.12057","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}