{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:25:08Z","timestamp":1788870308267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 AG022476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AG022476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1 AG031171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AG031171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association between executive function and mortality in homebound elderly adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four home care agencies in the Boston area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homebound adults aged 60 and older with 8\u2010year follow\u2010up for mortality (N\u00a0=\u00a01,172).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cognitive domains including executive, memory, and language functions were evaluated at baseline. Executive function was measured using the Trail\u2010Making Test Part B (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      B), and subjects were divided into four subgroups from lowest to highest\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      B score. The second cross\u2010group analyses were used to compare those who were alive and those who had died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether there was an association between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      B scores and mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, 436 (37.2%) homebound elderly adults had the highest\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      B scores (\u2265300), which indicated the slowest performance. At 8\u2010year follow\u2010up, 381 (32.5%) participants had died. Participants with the highest\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      B scores were more than twice as likely to have died as those with the lowest scores (0\u201399) (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.39, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a01.27\u20134.52,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .003) after adjusting for confounders including medical comorbidities related to death. The other cognitive domains, including memory and language, were not associated with mortality in the same model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many homebound elderly adults have multiple medical conditions, and executive function may be critical in their ability to manage their medical conditions and may affect the outcome of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T17:10:53Z","timestamp":1385399453000},"page":"2128-2134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Executive Function and Mortality in Homebound Elderly Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Linh N.","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mkaya","family":"Mwamburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Family Medicine School of Medicine Tufts University Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoda","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Qiao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Center Boston University Medical Campus Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-5-201109060-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9002-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704264536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.10.1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.2.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2010.510637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00632.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854048908403285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Norms for an Expanded Halstead\u2010Reitan Battery","author":"Heaton RK","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Clock Drawing. 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