{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:12:41Z","timestamp":1790017961452,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research into Ageing"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000550","name":"British Geriatrics Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To examine whether anticholinergic activity (\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in cerebrospinal fluid (\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and serum is associated with risk of delirium in individuals with hip fracture.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n \n Two university hospitals in\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n slo,\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n orway, and\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n dinburgh,\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n Individuals admitted with acute hip fracture (N\u00a0=\u00a0151).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants were assessed daily for delirium using the\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n onfusion\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ssessment\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n ethod (preoperatively and postoperative days 1\u20135 (all) or until discharge (participants with delirium)). Prefracture cognitive function was assessed using the\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n nformant\n Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n uestionnaire on\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ognitive\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n ecline in the\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n lderly (\n IQCODE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Serum was collected preoperatively and\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n at the onset of spinal anesthesia.\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n in serum (\n SAA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples was determined according to a muscarinic radio receptor bioassay. The association between\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n measures and delirium was evaluated using logistic multivariate analyses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty\u2010two (54%) of the participants in\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n slo and 20 (39%) in\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n dinburgh developed delirium. There was no statistically significant difference in\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n between participants with and without delirium in\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n slo (serum: 7.02 vs 6.08\u00a0pmol\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.54;\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.39 vs 0.48\u00a0pmol\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.26) or in\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n dinburgh (serum: 1.35 vs 1.62\u00a0pmol\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.76;\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.36 vs 0.31\u00a0pmol\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.93). Nor was there any difference in\n SAA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n slo,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.74;\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n dinburgh,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.51) or\n CSF AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n slo,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.21;\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n dinburgh,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.93) when participants were subdivided into prevalent, incident, subsyndromal, and never delirium. Stratifying participants according to prefracture cognitive status (\n IQCODE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) gave the same results.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first study of\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n of individuals with and without delirium. The study does not support the hypothesis that central (\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or peripheral (serum)\n AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n is an important mechanism of delirium in individuals with hip fracture.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T13:22:41Z","timestamp":1388668961000},"page":"94-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Anticholinergic Activity in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Individuals with Hip Fracture with and without Delirium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Leiv Otto","family":"Watne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roanna J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Delirium Research Group University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Molden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences School of Pharmacy University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"R\u00e6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frede","family":"Frihagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair M. 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