{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:28:52Z","timestamp":1792798132808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09PRE2080078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09PRE2080078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10SDG2640243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10SDG2640243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hewlett\/IIE Dissertation Fellowship in Population, Reproductive Health, and Economic Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 HD007168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD007168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R24 HD050924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 HD050924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AG034479-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG034479-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The WHO","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0558jee48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Governments of China and South Africa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the correspondence between self\u2010reported and measured indicators of mobility disability in older adults in six low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross\u2010sectional analysis of Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAGE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Household surveys in China, India, Russia, South Africa, Ghana, and Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Community\u2010dwelling\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAGE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      respondents aged 65 and older (N\u00a0=\u00a012,215).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective mobility was assessed according to a 4\u2010m timed walk at normal pace conducted in the respondent's home; slow walking speed was defined according to the Fried frailty criteria (lowest quintile of walking speed, adjusted for age and height). Self\u2010reported mobility difficulty was assessed according to a question about ability to walk 1\u00a0km; this response was dichotomized into any versus no self\u2010reported difficulty walking 1\u00a0km (reference no difficulty). The age\u2010 (5\u2010year groups) and sex\u2010specific probability of self\u2010reporting difficulty walking 1\u00a0km was estimated in those with a measured slow walk using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 42% and 76% of people aged 65 and older reported any difficulty walking 1\u00a0km. Average walking speed was slowest in Russia (0.61\u00a0m\/s) and fastest in China (0.88\u00a0m\/s). The probabilities of reporting any difficulty walking 1\u00a0km in women aged 65 to 69, for example, with a slow walk varied (China\u00a0=\u00a00.35, India\u00a0=\u00a00.90, Russia\u00a0=\u00a00.68, South Africa\u00a0=\u00a00.81, Ghana\u00a0=\u00a00.91, Mexico\u00a0=\u00a00.73; test of country differences\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). There was significant variation at older ages, albeit smaller in magnitude. Patterns were similar for men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although correspondence between an objective and self\u2010reported measure of mobility was generally high, correspondence differed significantly between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s. International comparisons of self\u2010reported disability measures for clinical, prevention, and policy guidelines in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s should consider that self\u2010reported data may not correspond to objective measures uniformly between countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T12:30:32Z","timestamp":1389961832000},"page":"329-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Assessing Mobility Difficulties for Cross\u2010National Comparisons: Results from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Beatrix D.","family":"Capistrant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Maria","family":"Glymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Berkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Center for Development and Population Studies Harvard University Cambridge 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