{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:03:53Z","timestamp":1790471033241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AG025667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG025667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between performance on executive function measures and subsequent mobility outcomes in community\u2010dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Champaign\u2010Urbana, Illinois.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community\u2010dwelling older adults (N\u00a0=\u00a0179; mean age 66.4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 12\u2010month exercise trial with two arms: an aerobic exercise group and a stretching and strengthening group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Established cognitive tests of executive function (flanker task, task switching, and a dual\u2010task paradigm) and the Wisconsin card sort test. Mobility was assessed using the timed 8\u2010foot up and go test and times to climb up and down a flight of stairs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed the cognitive tests at baseline and the mobility measures at baseline and after 12\u00a0months of the intervention. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether baseline executive function predicted postintervention functional performance after controlling for age, sex, education, cardiorespiratory fitness, and baseline mobility levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Selective baseline executive function measurements, particularly performance on the flanker task (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 0.15\u20130.17) and the Wisconsin card sort test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.11\u20130.16) consistently predicted mobility outcomes at 12\u00a0months. The estimates were in the expected direction, such that better baseline performance on the executive function measures predicted better performance on the timed mobility tests independent of intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Executive functions of inhibitory control, mental set shifting, and attentional flexibility were predictive of functional mobility. Given the literature associating mobility limitations with disability, morbidity, and mortality, these results are important for understanding the antecedents to poor mobility function that well\u2010designed interventions to improve cognitive performance can attenuate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T15:19:28Z","timestamp":1390317568000},"page":"285-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Executive Function Processes Predict Mobility Outcomes in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Neha P.","family":"Gothe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Fanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Awick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"W\u00f3jcicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk I.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur F.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau.American Community Survey 2006[on\u2010line]. 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