{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:05:37Z","timestamp":1784775937912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45580"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45614"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45632"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45647"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45654"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AR45583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AR45583"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01 AG18197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG18197"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["U01-AG027810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-AG027810"]}]},{"name":"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research","award":["UL1 RR024140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between life\u2010space (the extent, frequency, and independence of an individual's movement) and mortality in older men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six U.S. clinical sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men aged 71 to 98 followed from 2007 to 2011 (N\u00a0=\u00a03,892).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Life\u2010space during the past month was assessed as 0 (daily restriction to one's bedroom) to 120 (daily trips outside one's town without assistance) and categorized into 20\u2010point intervals. The primary outcome was noncancer mortality, and secondary outcomes were all\u2010cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and noncardiovascular noncancer mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over 2.7\u00a0years (2007\u20132011), 373 (9.6%) men died, 230 from noncancer causes. Unadjusted risk of noncancer mortality was 41.2% in men with the lowest level of life\u2010space (0\u201320 points, n\u00a0=\u00a034) and 2.4% in men with the highest level of life\u2010space (101\u2013120 points, n\u00a0=\u00a0868), a 17 times difference. In multivariable\u2010adjusted models, there was a strong linear trend between decreasing life\u2010space and increasing risk of noncancer mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .005). Risk of noncancer mortality was 3.8 times higher (95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )=1.3,11.5) in men with the lowest life\u2010space than in those with the highest life\u2010space. Risk of noncancer mortality was 1.3 times higher (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      =1.1\u20131.5) for each standard\u2010deviation (24 point) decrease in life\u2010space. Risk of noncancer mortality was 1.5 times higher (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      =1.0\u20132.3) in men who did not travel beyond their neighborhood without assistance (n\u00a0=\u00a0471). Results were similar for all\u2010cause mortality and did not change after control for chronic disease burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Life\u2010space predicted a variety of mortality endpoints in older men; scores of 40 or less were associated with mortality independent of other risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T21:08:53Z","timestamp":1402952933000},"page":"1288-1296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Life\u2010Space Mobility and Mortality in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco California"},{"name":"Aging and Population Health Laboratory Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Cauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Barrett\u2010Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California at San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Schousboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and Management Park Nicollet Institute for Research and Education School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy M.","family":"Cawthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research 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