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Serum C\u2010reactive protein (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and interleukin\u20106 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106) were measured in 1988\u20131990, 1998\u20132000, and 2009\u20132010; tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha was measured from 1998\u20132000.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with high\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in 1988\u20131990 and 1998\u20132000 had lower risk of cognitive impairment than those with low\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at both time points (hazard ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a00.46, 95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a00.26\u20130.80). Risk did not differ according to 10\u2010year\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106 profile or baseline inflammation category in the whole cohort. In sensitivity analyses restricted to statin nonusers, those with high\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106 at both times had greater risk of cognitive impairment than those with low\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106 at both times (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.35, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.09\u201310.30). In secondary analyses, each doubling of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106 change over 20\u00a0years was associated with greater odds of cognitive impairment in 2009\u20132010 in the whole cohort (odds ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a01.40, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.04\u20131.89), whereas a doubling of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      change over 20\u00a0years was associated with cognitive impairment only in statin nonusers (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.32, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.06\u20131.65).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With data collected over 20\u00a0years, this study demonstrated greater likelihood of cognitive impairment in individuals with repeated high or increasing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20106. The inconsistent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      findings may reflect effects of statin medications, survival effects, or adverse effects associated with chronically low\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Further studies of long\u2010term inflammation and cognitive impairment are needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T10:07:11Z","timestamp":1408010831000},"page":"1683-1691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Long\u2010Term Systemic Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Population\u2010Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Margarete A.","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Institute on Aging University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Cruickshanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center Department of Veterans Affairs Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara E. 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