{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:05:42Z","timestamp":1790165142240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea","award":["A092077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A092077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether frailty is a risk factor for skeletal muscle mass decline in community\u2010dwelling elderly people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seongnam, Gyeongi Province, Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community\u2010dwelling Koreans aged 65 and older (n\u00a0=\u00a0341).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bioimpedance analysis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was used to measure body composition at baseline and 5\u00a0years later. Laboratory examination and comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed at both times. Lean mass index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was defined as total body lean mass\/height\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . A decrease of more than 5% in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was considered to be significant. Frailty status was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline occurred in 196 (54.1%) subjects during the follow\u2010up period (5.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0years). Baseline\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was highest in robust (17.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , n\u00a0=\u00a0126), lower prefrail (17.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , n\u00a0=\u00a0185), and lowest in frail (16.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , n\u00a0=\u00a030) subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Frailty status was associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline at 5\u2010year follow\u2010up (robust 0.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.78\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , prefrail 1.00\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.92\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , frail 1.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.85\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). This effect of frailty on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline persisted after adjusting for covariables (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02). The risk of significant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline was 2.9 times as great in frail elderly adults as in those who were robust even after adjusting for covariates (95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a01.01\u20138.55).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Frailty status was found to be independently associated with subsequent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline in community\u2010dwelling older adults.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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