{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:47:01Z","timestamp":1790390821864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIA","award":["R01-AG028050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG028050"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-NR012459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NR012459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NIA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To examine the association between multiple measures of visual impairment (\n VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and incident mobility limitations in older adults.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n Health, Aging and Body Composition study participants aged 70 to 79 without mobility limitations at the Year 3 visit (N\u00a0=\u00a01,862).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Vision was measured at the Year 3 visit, and\n VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was defined as distance visual acuity (\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) worse than 20\/40, contrast sensitivity (\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) less than 1.55 log Contrast, and stereoacuity (\n SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) greater than 85 arcsec. Incident persistent walking and stair climbing limitation was defined as two consecutive 6\u2010month reports of any difficulty walking one\u2010quarter of a mile or walking up 10 steps after 1, 3, and 5\u00a0years of follow\u2010up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At Year 3 (baseline for these analyses), 7.4% had impaired\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 27.2% had impaired\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 29.2% had impaired\n SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . At all follow\u2010up times, the incidence of walking and stair climbing limitations was higher in participants with\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or\n SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n impairment. After 5\u00a0years, impaired\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n were independently associated with greater risk of walking limitation (hazard ratio (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n \n CS<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0= 1.3, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20131.7;\n \n HR\n SA<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.3, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20131.6) and stair climbing limitation (\n \n HR\n CS<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0= 1.4, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20131.8;\n \n HR\n SA<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.3, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.1\u20131.7). Having impaired\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with greater risk of mobility limitations (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n walking limitations<\/jats:sub>\n \u00a0=\u00a02.0, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.6\u20132.5;\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n stair limitation<\/jats:sub>\n \u00a0= 2.1, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.6\u20132.8).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Multiple aspects of\n VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n may contribute to mobility limitations in older adults. Addressing more than one component of vision may be needed to reduce the effect of vision impairment on functional decline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T00:09:05Z","timestamp":1419379745000},"page":"46-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Visual Impairment and Incident Mobility Limitations: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Bonnielin K.","family":"Swenor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Study Section Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Aging Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Simonsick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Study Section Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Aging Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Study Section Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Aging Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Center for Aging and Population Health Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California at San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Sticht Center on Aging Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Prevalence and most common causes of disability among adults\u2014United States, 2005","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91911-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Function and visual impairment in a population\u2010based study of older adults. 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