{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:28:18Z","timestamp":1791160098483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]],"date-time":"2015-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare the ability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), 4\u2010m walk test (4m\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), 6\u2010minute walk test (6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and handgrip strength to predict mortality, incident disability, worsening mobility, and falls in older community dwellers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals aged 65 and older n\u00a0=\u00a0561) without prevalent basic activity of daily living (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) disability participating.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Separate logistic regression models were developed to predict incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disability, worsening mobility, and falls in 3\u00a0years, and Cox regression models were used to assess 7\u2010year risk of death as a function of the four tests, adjusting for covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Performance tests were reciprocally correlated at baseline. After 3\u00a0years, 33 (7.3%) of 453 participants reexamined were disabled in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s, 87 (20%) had worsening mobility, and 99 (22%) reported falls. Of the 561 baseline participants, 141 (25%) died over the 7\u00a0years. All measures predicted incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disability, with adjusted odds ratios (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) per unit increase of 0.85 (95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a00.77\u20130.93) for handgrip strength, 0.08 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02\u20130.36) for 4m\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.74 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.61\u20130.89) for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and 0.993 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.988\u20130.997) for 6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Handgrip strength (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.88, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.83\u20130.93), 4m\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.33, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.11\u20130.94), and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.81, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.71\u20130.93) predicted worsening mobility. No measure predicted falls; only\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (hazard ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a00.92, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.85\u20130.997) and 6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.997, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.995\u20130.999) predicted death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Performance measures are independent predictors of relevant health outcomes, with the exception of falls. Because\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is easily applied and is the only measure predicting incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disability, worsening mobility, and death, it is preferable to the other tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]],"date-time":"2015-01-17T04:55:51Z","timestamp":1421470551000},"page":"136-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Comparative Study of Four Physical Performance Measures as Predictors of Death, Incident Disability, and Falls in Unselected Older Persons: The Insufficienza Cardiaca negli Anziani Residenti a Dicomano 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