{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:33:57Z","timestamp":1787960037557,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]],"date-time":"2014-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Welfare and Health Board"},{"name":"Juho Vainio Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine risk factors and their combinations that predict late\u2010life mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Postal questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Veteran 1992 Project Survey.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n Finnish Second World War veterans living in Finland (177,989 men, 48,745 women), with a participation rate of 93%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Main outcomes were total, cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and accident and violence (\n AAV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mortality. Absolute 10\u2010year mortality risks for total mortality with combinations of different risk factors were calculated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The strongest predictor of total mortality was self\u2010reported walking difficulty (hazard ratio (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u00a0=\u00a01.74, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u00a0=\u00a01.71\u20131.76 in men without disability,\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.62, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.58\u20131.67 in men with disability,\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.61, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.57\u20131.65 in women). The highest\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n mortality were for self\u2010reported walking difficulty among men without disability (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.98, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.95\u20132.02) and among men with disability (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.88, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.82\u20131.94). In women, the highest\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n for\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n mortality was for multimorbidity (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.87, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.79\u20131.96). For\n AAV<\/jats:styled-content>\n mortality, the highest\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were for falls in men and age in women. A combination of walking difficulty and multimorbidity had the highest absolute 10\u2010year mortality risk for total mortality (0.730 in men without disability, 0.729 in men with disability, 0.487 in women).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Self\u2010reported walking difficulty was the most important predictor of total mortality in all veteran groups and for\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n mortality in men. The study demonstrates the importance of self\u2010reported walking difficulty and multimorbidity as markers of high mortality risk in Finnish war veterans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]],"date-time":"2014-12-31T05:12:11Z","timestamp":1420002731000},"page":"118-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Self\u2010Reported Walking Difficulty Predicts Late\u2010Life Mortality in Finnish War Veterans: Results from the Veteran 1992 Project Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Riitta","family":"Leskinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu City Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics Institute of Health Sciences University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Laatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Hospital District of North Karelia Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esko","family":"Lev\u00e4lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Antikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu City Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics Institute of Health Sciences University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1543-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.4.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9348-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Fifty 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