{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:21:38Z","timestamp":1790878898020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"University of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PP00P3-123346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP00P3-123346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Basel, and Mirjam Christ-Crain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess symptoms and characteristics of hyponatremia, the most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized individuals and a condition that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational multicenter study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two Swiss academic centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with profound hypoosmolar hyponatremia (sodium &lt;125\u00a0mmol\/L) (N\u00a0=\u00a0298).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All symptoms and complete medical history including current medications, therapy management, and in\u2010hospital outcomes were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age of all participants was 71 (interquartile range (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) 60\u201380), 195 (65%) were female, and mean serum sodium value on admission was 120\u00a0mmol\/L (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      116\u2013123\u00a0mmol\/L). Frequent clinical symptoms were nausea (n\u00a0=\u00a0130, 44%), acute vomiting (n\u00a0=\u00a091, 30%), generalized weakness (n\u00a0=\u00a0205, 69%), fatigue (n\u00a0=\u00a0175, 59%), gait disturbance (n\u00a0=\u00a092, 31%), recurrent falls (n\u00a0=\u00a047, 16%), and acute falls (n\u00a0=\u00a060, 20%). Fractures were reported in 11 participants (4%). More\u2010severe symptoms such as acute epileptic seizures and focal neurological deficits were identified in 16 (5%) and 17 (5%) participants, respectively. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (n\u00a0=\u00a0199, 67%), congestive heart failure (n\u00a0=\u00a044, 15%), chronic renal failure (n\u00a0=\u00a064, 21%), pulmonary disease (82, 28%), and central nervous system disease (n\u00a0=\u00a0114, 38%). During hospitalization, 12 (4%) participants died, and 103 (35%) needed treatment in the intensive care unit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A wide spectrum of symptoms accompanies profound hyponatremia. Most participants had moderate symptoms mirroring chronic hyponatremia with brain cell adaptation. Participants with profound hyponatremia had several comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T04:25:43Z","timestamp":1425443143000},"page":"470-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Symptoms and Characteristics of Individuals with Profound Hyponatremia: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Nigro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolism University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Winzeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolism University Hospital Basel Basel 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