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The effect of adjusting for these indices in addition to propensity scores (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) on the association between antipsychotic medication and mortality was evaluated using Cox models with and without adjustment for risk scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each risk score showed moderate discrimination for 6\u2010month mortality, with c\u2010statistics ranging from 0.61 to 0.63. There was no evidence of lack of fit. Imbalances in risk scores between conventional and atypical antipsychotic users, suggesting potential confounding, were much lower within\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      deciles than the imbalances in the full cohort. Accounting for each score in the Cox model did not change the relative risk estimates: 2.24 with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010only adjustment versus 2.20, 2.20, and 2.22 after further adjustment for the three risk scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although causality cannot be proven based on nonrandomized studies, this study adds to the body of evidence rejecting explanations other than causality for the greater mortality risk associated with conventional antipsychotics than with atypical antipsychotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  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