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There were 1,925 participants with normal hearing at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen\u2010year cumulative incidence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (pure\u2010tone average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4\u00a0kHz greater than 25 decibels hearing level in either ear). Cigarette smoking, exercise, and other factors were ascertained according to questionnaire. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Follow\u2010up examinations (\u22651) were obtained from 87.2% (n\u00a0=\u00a01,678; mean baseline age 61). The 15\u2010year cumulative incidence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was 56.8%. Adjusting for age and sex, current smoking (hazard ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a01.31,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.048), education (&lt;16\u00a0years;\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.35,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01), waist circumference (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.08 per 10\u00a0cm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02.03,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.048) were associated with greater risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Former smokers and people with better\u2010controlled diabetes mellitus were not at greater risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Smoking, central adiposity, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus predicted incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . These well\u2010known risk factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      suggest that vascular changes may contribute to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in aging. Interventions targeting reductions in smoking and adiposity and better glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus may help prevent or delay the onset of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T12:24:22Z","timestamp":1430915062000},"page":"918-924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Smoking, Central Adiposity, and Poor Glycemic Control Increase Risk of Hearing Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Cruickshanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Nondahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayna S.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara E. 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