{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:49:21Z","timestamp":1793040561082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 HL 108623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL 108623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R37 NS 29998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 NS 29998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R37 NS 29993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 NS 29993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS 48134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS 48134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine whether infectious burden (\n IB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is associated with worse performance and decline on a battery of neuropsychological tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n Prospective cohort study (Northern Manhattan Study (\n NOMAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n )).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Community.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n A subsample of 588 stroke\u2010free\n NOMAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n participants with\n IB<\/jats:styled-content>\n and cognitive data (mean age 71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08, 62% female, 14% white, 16% black, 70% Hispanic) and 419 with repeat cognitive testing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Samples used for\n IB<\/jats:styled-content>\n data were collected at baseline. Two waves of neurocognitive assessments occurred during follow\u2010up. Participants underwent a neuropsychological battery and had repeated testing (mean time span 6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0years). Using factor analysis\u2013derived domain\u2010specific Z scores for language, memory, executive function, and processing speed, associations between a quantitative stroke risk\u2010weighted\n IB<\/jats:styled-content>\n index (\n IBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), based on five common infections (\n Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n , cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2), and cognitive performance and decline in each domain was examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, crystallized cognitive abilities, and vascular risk factors, the\n IBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was inversely associated with executive function at baseline (beta\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.10,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0.01) but not with baseline language, memory, or processing speed performance in adjusted analyses. The\n IBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with cognitive decline in the memory domain, adjusting for demographic and vascular risk factors (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.02).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n A quantitative stroke risk\u2010weighted measure of\n IB<\/jats:styled-content>\n explained variability in baseline executive function performance and associated with decline in memory. Past exposure to common infections may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and warrants further study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T04:29:16Z","timestamp":1440044956000},"page":"1540-1545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Infectious Burden and Cognitive Decline in the Northern Manhattan Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Clinton B.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Program University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Gardener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanhui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Yoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hokuriku National Hospital Nanto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"DeCarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California at Davis Health System Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Program University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell S. V.","family":"Elkind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.13.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.571299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182896e79"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000142374.33919.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative reporting","volume":"77","author":"Wallman KK","year":"1977","journal-title":"Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000026209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b58"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-9-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000165923.02318.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000202624.89869.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.587717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771100155X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/713755685","article-title":"Transfer across form and modality in implicit and explicit memory","volume":"50","author":"Berry DC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Examiner's Manual for the Peabody Picture\u00a0Vocabulary Test","author":"Dunn LMDL","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"The Wide Range Achievement Test: Manual","author":"Wilkinson GS","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1997.0877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000086754.32238.DA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.07.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2001.0465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00796.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203644.68059.5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-004-0056-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04777.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000068408.82115.D2"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.13557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:12:55Z","timestamp":1762200775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.13557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.13557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13557","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}