{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:04:12Z","timestamp":1792206252390,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether salivary flow decreases as a function of aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals aged 18 and older reported to be free of major systemic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relevant studies were identified through a literature search of several databases, from their inception to June 2013. Studies were included if saliva had been collected on at least one occasion in subjects aged 18 and older and if the data were presented in a manner that enabled comparisons of younger and older participants. Differences in salivary flow rates between age groups were calculated for each salivary source and condition and reported as standardized mean differences (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s), standard errors (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) and 95% confidence intervals (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s). The results were pooled using a random effects model. A separate analysis examining medication use was also conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010seven studies were included. Whole (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.551,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.056, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.423\u20130.678,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and submandibular and sublingual (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMSL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.582,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.123, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.341\u20130.823,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) salivary flow rates were reduced significantly in older participants and in unstimulated and stimulated conditions. In contrast, parotid and minor gland salivary flow rates were not significantly reduced with increasing age. Additionally, unstimulated and stimulated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMSL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates were significantly lower in older adults, regardless of medication usage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aging process is associated with reduced salivary flow in a salivary\u2010gland\u2013specific manner; this reduction in salivary flow cannot be explained on the basis of medications. These findings have important clinical implications for maintaining optimal oral health in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T22:24:21Z","timestamp":1444688661000},"page":"2142-2151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Meta\u2010Analysis of Salivary Flow Rates in Young and Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Affoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norine","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brescia University College Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushlee","family":"Garrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter L.","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Western University London ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London ON Canada"},{"name":"School of Communication Sciences and Disorders Western University London ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1989.0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.113778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Dry Mouth: The Malevolent Symptom: A Clinical Guide","author":"Sreebny LM","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660S204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Ekstrom J","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17887-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2000.tb00554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(77)90158-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1987.tb00681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(84)90120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/13.3.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(85)80009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Is there a potential application of a fermented nutraceutical in acute respiratory illnesses? 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