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The two groups were also compared regarding medication adherence and use of statins, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (for individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension), and potentially inappropriate medications (\n PIM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Nurse practitioners and\n PCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s had similar rates of\n LDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010C testing (odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a01.01, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a00.94\u20131.09) and nephropathy monitoring (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.05, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.98\u20131.03), but\n NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s had lower rates of eye examinations (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.89, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.84\u20130.93) and HbA1C testing (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.88, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.79\u20130.98).\n NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were more likely to have consulted cardiologists (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.29, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.21\u20131.37), endocrinologists (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.64, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.48\u20131.82), and nephrologists (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.90, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.67\u20132.17) and more likely to have prescribed\n PIM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.07, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01\u20131.12). There was no statistically significant difference in adjusted Medicare spending between the two groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0.56).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Nurse practitioners were similar to\n PCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s or slightly lower in their rates of diabetes mellitus guideline\u2013concordant care.\n NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s used specialist consultations more often but had similar overall costs of care to\n PCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T10:19:57Z","timestamp":1445336397000},"page":"1980-1988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Diabetes Mellitus Care Provided by Nurse Practitioners vs Primary Care Physicians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Yong\u2010Fang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Science University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Science University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyaw K.","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Baillargeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukaila A.","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558713495453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2008.00495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.120180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"CD001271","article-title":"Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care","volume":"2","author":"Laurant M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Chronic Condition Categories.Chronic condition data warehouse [on\u2010line]. 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