{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:58:00Z","timestamp":1787162280599,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Operating","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRN-102523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN-102523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the frequency and baseline risk factors for partial and no recovery from delirium in older hospitalized adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study with assessment of recovery status approximately 1 and 3\u00a0months after enrollment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University\u2010affiliated, primary, acute\u2010care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical or surgical inpatients aged 65 and older with delirium (N\u00a0=\u00a0278).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Confusion Assessment Method (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Delirium Index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and activities of daily living (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were completed at enrollment and each follow\u2010up. Primary outcome categories were full recovery (absence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      core symptoms of delirium), partial recovery (presence of \u22651\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      core symptoms but not meeting criteria for delirium), no recovery (met\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      criteria for delirium), or death. Secondary outcomes were changes in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores between the baseline and last assessment. Potential risk factors included many clinical and laboratory variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In participants with dementia, frequencies of full, partial, and no recovery and death at first follow\u2010up were 6.3%, 11.3%, 74.6%, and 7.7%, respectively; in participants without dementia, frequencies were 14.3%, 17%, 50.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. In participants with dementia, frequencies at the second follow\u2010up were 7.9%, 15.1%, 57.6%, and 19.4%, respectively; in participants without dementia, frequencies were 19.2%, 20.2%, 31.7%, and 28.8%, respectively. Frequencies were similar in participants with prevalent and incident delirium and in medical and surgical participants. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores of many participants with partial and no recovery improved. Independent baseline risk factors for delirium persistence were chart diagnosis of dementia (odds ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a02.51, 95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=1.38, 4.56), presence of any malignancy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.79, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.51, 22.19), and greater severity of delirium (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=9.39, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.95, 22.35).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium in many older hospitalized adults appears to be much more protracted than previously thought, especially in those with dementia, although delirium symptoms, cognition, and function improved in many participants with partial and no recovery. It may be important to monitor the longer\u2010term course of delirium in older hospitalized adults and develop strategies to ensure full recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T03:32:50Z","timestamp":1446175970000},"page":"2340-2348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Partial and No Recovery from Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults: Frequency and Baseline Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"St. Mary's Hospital Center Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Hospital Center Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bonnycastle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Hospital Center Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"McCusker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shek","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Hospital Center Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Belzile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prognosis of delirium in elderly hospital patients","volume":"149","author":"Cole MG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a4129a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833861f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209991517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1806-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-12-941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080075027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7001.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002691X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Multidimensional Functional Assessment of Older Adults: The Duke Older Americans Resources and Services Procedures","author":"Fillenbaum G","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90111-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90153-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00271-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198205000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1985.10478195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v038.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470114754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318250acdc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","volume-title":"Cancer Medicine","author":"Laskin DL","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.20602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.4.M344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.2.167","article-title":"Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia","volume":"14","author":"Cole MG","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00970931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04237.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13791","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.13791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:24:04Z","timestamp":1762197844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.13791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.13791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13791","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]}}}