{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1785711215030,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the prevalence and associated factors of involuntary treatment (physical restraints, psychotropic medication, nonconsensual care) in persons with cognitive impairment receiving home care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey using association analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional home care in the southern part of the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected on 837 persons with cognitive impairment (mean age 81.6; 60% female).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Involuntary treatment was measured using a tool to identify physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and nonconsensual care. Activities of daily living (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADLs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were measured using the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Hierarchy subscale of the Resident Assistant Instrument\u2014Minimum Data Set and cognitive status using the Cognitive Performance Scale. Informal caregiver burden was assessed using the Self\u2010Perceived Pressure from Informal Care Scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Involuntary treatment was used in 39% of the total sample. Most common were nonconsensual care (79%; e.g., concealing medication in food, forcing hygiene) and psychotropic medication (41%). In 7% of the sample, physical restraints (e.g., deep or overturned chair, bilateral full\u2010enclosure bedrails) were used. Caregiver burden,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dependency, cognitive status, living alone, and a diagnosis of dementia were strongly associated with involuntary treatment. The family of the person with cognitive impairment most often requested the use of involuntary treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Involuntary treatment is often used in persons with cognitive impairment receiving home care in the Netherlands. Future research should focus on understanding and preventing inappropriate involuntary treatment in home care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T04:50:55Z","timestamp":1453697455000},"page":"354-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Behind Closed Doors: Involuntary Treatment in Care of Persons with Cognitive Impairment at Home in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jan P. H.","family":"Hamers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research Research School Caphri Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel H. C.","family":"Bleijlevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research Research School Caphri Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Math J. M.","family":"Gulpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research Research School Caphri Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Verbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research Research School Caphri Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Government of the Netherlands.Changes in the way care and support are organised as of 2015 [on\u2010line]. Available athttp:\/\/www.government.nl\/issues\/healthcare-and-support\/changes-in-the-way-care-and-support-are-organised-as-of-1-January-2015Accessed February 23 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Government of the Netherlands.Involuntary admission and the use of compulsion in the care sector [on\u2010line]. Available athttp:\/\/www.government.nl\/issues\/mental-health-services\/involuntary-admission-and-the-use-of-compulsion-in-the-care-sectorAccessed February 23 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"CD007726","article-title":"Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia","volume":"3","author":"Declercq T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"CD008634","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents","volume":"12","author":"Richter T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12439-013-0047-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-84"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Landelijke Evaluatie van Casemanagement Dementie","author":"Peeters L","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"RAI for Nursing Home Care (RAI 2.1)","author":"interRAI","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.11.M546"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.4.M174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(98)00048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2004.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"CD007546","article-title":"Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints in long\u2010term geriatric care","volume":"2","author":"Mohler R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000311827.75816.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301211421858"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.13946","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.13946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:00:03Z","timestamp":1762178403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.13946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.13946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13946","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]]}}}