{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:50:43Z","timestamp":1791996643352,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["047963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["047963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["037212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["037212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR024156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether the attenuation of racial disparities observed in physical health outcomes at older ages can be extended to cognitive outcomes in mid\u2010 and late\u2010life samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional associations between race and cognitive functioning were examined as a function of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIDUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and the Washington Heights\u2010Inwood Columbia Aging Project (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHICAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010Hispanic African American or white individuals aged 40 and older (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIDUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; n\u00a0=\u00a03875, 10.5% African American) and non\u2010Hispanic African American or white individuals aged 65 and older without a diagnosis of dementia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHICAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; n\u00a0=\u00a02,729, 53.8% African American).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Composite scores of executive functioning and episodic memory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Independent of main effects of age, birth cohort, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, significant interactions between age and race indicated that racial disparities in episodic memory and executive functioning were larger at younger than older age in both samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attenuation of racial inequalities in older age can be extended to cognitive outcomes, which probably reflects selective survival. Research on cognitive disparities or on race\u2010specific causes of cognitive outcomes in old age must incorporate corrections for selective survival if the goal is to identify causal predictors of cognitive outcomes rather than merely statistical predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T03:30:57Z","timestamp":1464233457000},"page":"959-964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Racial Disparities in Cognitive Performance in Mid\u2010 and Late Adulthood: Analyses of Two Cohort Studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Laura B.","family":"Zahodne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Manly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Brickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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