{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:12:51Z","timestamp":1768003971264,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,22]],"date-time":"2016-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1045024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1045024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To design a low\u2010cost simulator\u2010based driving assessment for older adults and to compare its validity with that of an on\u2010road driving assessment and other measures of older driver risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canberra, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older adult drivers (N = 47; aged 65\u201388, mean age 75.2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Error rate on a simulated drive with environment and scoring procedure matched to those of an on\u2010road test. Other measures included participant age, simulator sickness severity, neuropsychological measures, and driver screening measures. Outcome variables included occupational therapist (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u2010rated on\u2010road errors, on\u2010road safety rating, and safety category.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants\u2019 error rate on the simulated drive was significantly correlated with their\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010rated driving safety (correlation coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) = \u22120.398,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006), even after adjustment for age and simulator sickness (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .009). The simulator error rate was a significant predictor of categorization as unsafe on the road (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02, sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 100%), with 13 (27%) drivers assessed as unsafe. Simulator error was also associated with other older driver safety screening measures such as useful field of view (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.341,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02), DriveSafe (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.455,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01), and visual motion sensitivity (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.368,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01) but was not associated with memory (delayed word recall) or global cognition (Mini\u2010Mental State Examination). Drivers made twice as many errors on the simulated assessment as during the on\u2010road assessment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), with significant differences in the rate and type of errors between the two mediums.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A low\u2010cost simulator\u2010based assessment is valid as a screening instrument for identifying at\u2010risk older drivers but not as an alternative to on\u2010road evaluation when accurate data on competence or pattern of impairment is required for licensing decisions and training programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,22]],"date-time":"2016-10-22T10:32:45Z","timestamp":1477132365000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of a Virtual Older Driver Assessment with an On\u2010Road Driving Test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ranmalee","family":"Eramudugolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidhant","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaarin J.","family":"Anstey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Traffic Safety Facts: Older Population 2013 Data","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Review of the National Road Safety Strategy","author":"Austroads Ltd","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07380577.2014.901590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.2.218.27241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20420"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00083-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088202400408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Measuring the Effects of Driver Distraction: Direct Driving Performance Methods and Measures","author":"Young KL","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.58.3.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring","author":"Reitan RM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version: Manual","author":"Delis DC","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610292000991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490515432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Reed JonesJ.Prediction and prevention of simulator sickness: An examination of individual differences participant behaviours and controlled interventions. 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