{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:11:51Z","timestamp":1789913511093,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether randomization to 10 years of lifestyle intervention to induce and maintain weight loss improves cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data obtained as part of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHEAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) trial (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      00017953) and Look\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHEAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Continuation study (U01\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      057136\u201015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 45 to 76 (N = 3,751).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intensive lifestyle intervention (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for weight loss through reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity compared with a control condition of diabetes support and education (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Certified examiners who were masked to intervention assignment administered a standard battery of cognitive function tests (Modified Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Coding, Trail\u2010Making Test, Modified Stroop Color\u2010Word Test) to participants 10 to 13 years after enrollment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Assignment to lifestyle intervention was not associated with significantly different overall (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .10) or domain\u2010specific (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .10) cognitive function than assignment to diabetes support and education. Results were fairly consistent across prespecified groups, but there was some evidence of trends for differential intervention effects showing modest harm in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in participants with greater body mass index and in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease. Cognitive function was not associated with changes in weight or fitness (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A long\u2010term behavioral weight loss intervention for overweight and obese adults with diabetes mellitus was not associated with cognitive benefit. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      00017953.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1483963945000},"page":"966-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Effect of a Long\u2010Term Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cognitive Function: Action for Health in Diabetes Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Division of Nutrition Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen P.","family":"Hazuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Demos\u2010McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Miriam Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne M.","family":"McCaffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Miriam Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine Brown University Providence Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Pajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Wadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Charleston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Espeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Look AHEAD Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.13.1524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.5.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(03)00064-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"L'examen clinique en psichologie","author":"Rey AL","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2010III (WAIS\u2010III)","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Modified Mini\u2010Mental State (3MS) examination","volume":"48","author":"Teng EL","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318230e861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70188-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu031"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"A88","article-title":"Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)","volume":"63","author":"Luchsinger J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0807625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-013-9278-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0093"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgs.14692","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.14692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:55:49Z","timestamp":1762199749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.14692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.14692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.14692","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]}}}