{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T03:14:49Z","timestamp":1785640489528,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of depression case finding tools with a criterion standard in the outpatient setting among adults with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies of older outpatients with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elderly outpatients (clinic and long\u2010term care) with dementia (N = 3,035).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of major depression and diagnostic accuracy measures including sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the 11,539 citations, 20 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 15 for a meta\u2010analysis. Tools included were the Montgomery \u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Geriatric Depression Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010D), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Single Question, Nijmegen Observer\u2010Rated Depression Scale, and Even Briefer Assessment Scale\u2013Depression. The pooled prevalence of depression in individuals with dementia was 30.3% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 22.1\u201338.5). The average age was 75.2 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 71.7\u201378.7), and mean Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scores ranged from 11.2 to 24. The diagnostic accuracy of the individual tools was pooled for the best\u2010reported cutoffs and for each cutoff, if available. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      had a sensitivity of 0.84 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.73\u20130.91) and a specificity of 0.80 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.65\u20130.90), the 30\u2010item\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u201030) had a sensitivity of 0.62 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.45\u20130.76) and a specificity 0.81 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.75\u20130.85), and the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      had a sensitivity of 0.86 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.63\u20130.96) and a specificity of 0.84 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.76\u20130.90). Summary statistics for all tools across best\u2010reported cutoffs had significant heterogeneity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There are many validated tools for the detection of depression in individuals with dementia. Tools that incorporate a physician interview with patient and collateral histories, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , have higher sensitivities, which would ensure fewer false\u2010negatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T12:00:43Z","timestamp":1486036843000},"page":"937-948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Depression Case Finding in Individuals with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Zahra S.","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bria S.","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest University Canada Squamish British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayna","family":"Holroyd\u2010Leduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480600937066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20090201-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2013.827630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200309000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318233152b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.8.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879400700306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20100303-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211000147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb01565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"DeeksJJ BossuytPM GatsonisC.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 0.9[on\u2010line].The Cochrane Collaboration 2013. 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