{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T13:28:12Z","timestamp":1793798892064,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"InCHIP Healthy Habits Systematic Review Project","award":["5U24AG052175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U24AG052175"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine the effects of exercise training on cognitive function in individuals at risk of or diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest were searched from inception until August 1, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen studies with 23 interventions including 1,145 subjects with a mean age of 77.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.5 were included. Most subjects were at risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      because they had mild cognitive impairment (64%) or a parent diagnosed with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (1%), and 35% presented with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled studies that included an exercise\u2010only intervention and a nondiet, nonexercise control group and reported pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention cognitive function measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive function before and after the intervention and features of the exercise intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exercise interventions were performed 3.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0days per week at moderate intensity (3.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 metabolic equivalents) for 45.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.0\u00a0minutes per session for 18.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.0\u00a0weeks and consisted primarily of aerobic exercise (65%). Overall, there was a modest favorable effect of exercise on cognitive function (d\n                      <jats:sub>+\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u00a00.47, 95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a00.26\u20130.68). Within\u2010group analyses revealed that exercise improved cognitive function (d\n                      <jats:sub>+w<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u00a00.20, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u00a00.11\u20130.28), whereas cognitive function declined in the control group (d\n                      <jats:sub>+w\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u00a0\u22120.18, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u00a0\u22120.36 to 0.00). Aerobic exercise had a moderate favorable effect on cognitive function (d\n                      <jats:sub>+w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.65, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.35\u20130.95), but other exercise types did not (d\n                      <jats:sub>+w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.19, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.06\u20130.43).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings suggest that exercise training may delay the decline in cognitive function that occurs in individuals who are at risk of or have\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , with aerobic exercise possibly having the most favorable effect. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials that include objective measurements of cognitive function are needed to confirm our findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:03:13Z","timestamp":1516752193000},"page":"487-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Can Exercise Improve Cognitive Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Panza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hartford Hospital Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hartford Hospital Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley V.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blair T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofPyschosocial Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Zaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hartford Hospital Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofResearch Services University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hartford Hospital Hartford Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Pescatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.052498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Physical Activity and Older Adults [on\u2010line]. 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