{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:39:07Z","timestamp":1790699947497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AA014125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AA014125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationally representative, cross\u2010sectional, community\u2010based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six countries that participated in the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals aged 50 and older (N=32,715; mean age 62.1\u2009\u00b1\u200915.6; 51.7% female).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The definition of MCI was based on the recommendations of the National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association. Ten chronic conditions were assessed (angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, cataract, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity (\u22652 chronic conditions), and MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of multimorbidity was 49.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=48.1\u201351.5%) and of MCI was 15.3% (95% CI=14.4\u201316.3%). After adjustment for potential confounders, edentulism (odds ratio (OR)=1.24), arthritis (OR=1.24), chronic lung disease (OR=1.29), cataract (OR=1.33), stroke (OR=1.94), hearing problems (OR=2.27), and multimorbidity (OR=1.40) were significantly associated with MCI. There was a gradual increase in the likelihood of MCI (1 condition: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03\u20131.42; \u22654 conditions: OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.70\u20132.52).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results highlight the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking chronic conditions and MCI and whether prevention or treatment of chronic conditions or multimorbidity can reduce the onset of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia, especially in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T09:02:42Z","timestamp":1518253362000},"page":"721-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Chronic Physical Conditions, Multimorbidity, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education Anglia Ruskin University Chelmsford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre F.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Stickley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change, S\u00f6dert\u00f6rn University Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatric Care, OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation E.O. 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