{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:12:00Z","timestamp":1792026720016,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NR\u2010013908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NR\u2010013908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine speed\u2010of\u2010processing training (SOPT) in older adults in senior living communities, especially those in assisted living.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two\u2010arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assisted and independent residence settings in 31 senior living communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals aged 55 to 102 (mean 81.0, 73.8% female, 76.4% living alone, 47.0% residing in assisted living; N=351).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention was 10 hours of computerized SOPT at baseline with 4\u2010hour boosters at 5 and 11 months; the attention control was 10 hours of solving computerized crossword puzzles at baseline with 4\u2010hour boosters at 5 and 11 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes were useful field of view (UFOV) scores and improvements of 0.5 standard deviations (SDs) or more (&gt; 158.4 ms). Data collection occurred at baseline, after training, and 6 and 12 months. Random\u2010effects linear mixed\u2010effect models were used to estimate SOPT effects in intention\u2010to\u2010treat complete\u2010case and multiple imputation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found statistically significantly small standardized effect sizes (Cohen's d\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.25\u20130.40) for SOPT, reflecting processing speed improvements on UFOV scores (of 39\u201363 ms) and greater percentages (9.8 to 14.9 percentage point advantages) for achieving more than 0.5 SD improvements (&gt; 158.4 ms) over the 3 time periods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support public health messaging about the potential benefits of SOPT for older adults in senior living communities and support the feasibility and acceptability of SOPT in assisted and independent living for older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T08:45:15Z","timestamp":1530693915000},"page":"1538-1545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Speed\u2010of\u2010Processing Training in Assisted and Independent Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, College of Public Health University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Dotson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, College of Public Health University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0916-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredric D.","family":"Wolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Management and Policy, College of Public Health University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Soft\u2010Wired: How the New Science of Brain Plasticity Can Change Your Life","author":"Merzenich M","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"The Brain's Way of Healing: Stories of Remarkable Recoveries and Discoveries","author":"Doidge N","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Stanford Center on Longevity Berlin Max Planck Institute for Human Development. A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry from the Scientific Community. Stanford CA: Stanford Center on Longevity (online). Available athttp:\/\/longevity3.stanford.edu\/blog\/2014\/10\/15\/the\u2010consensus\u2010on\u2010the\u2010brain\u2010training\u2010industry\u2010from\u2010the\u2010scientific\u2010community\/Accessed October 4 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Aging: Progress in Understanding and Opportunities for Action","author":"Blazer DG","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/24782"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"Federal Trade Commission. Lumosity to Pay $2 Million to Settle FTC Deceptive Advertising Charges for Its \u201cBrain Training\u201d Program. Washington DC: Federal Trade Commission January 5 2016(online). 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