{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:39:41Z","timestamp":1792593581483,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AG10939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AG10939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MD010355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MD010355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Develop and validate a modified frailty phenotype measure for older Mexican Americans participating in the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (H\u2010EPESE) and related studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expert\u2010based panel evaluation of content validity, cross\u2010sectional analysis of construct validity, and longitudinal analysis of criterion validity for a modified version of the frailty phenotype measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five southwestern states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1833 community\u2010dwelling Mexican Americans aged 67\u2009years or older.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MEASUREMENTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty was assessed using the frailty phenotype measure (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low physical activity) and a modified frailty phenotype measure (replacing \u201clow physical activity\u201d with \u201climitations in walking half a mile\u201d). Each individual was classified as non\u2010frail, pre\u2010frail, or frail based on both frailty measures (original vs modified). Expert panel consensus was used to examine content validity. Spearman correlation, \u03ba, weighted \u03ba, and bootstrapping \u03ba examined construct validity (n\u2009=\u20091833). Generalized linear mixed models, odds ratios, Cox proportional regression models, hazard ratios, and C statistics were used to analyze criterion validity (n\u2009=\u20091446) across four outcomes: hospitalization, physician visits, disability, and mortality from wave 3 (1998\u201099) through wave 8 (2012\u201013).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The original and modified frailty phenotype measures had a strong correlation (r\u2009=\u2009.89;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.000) and agreement (\u03ba\u2009=\u2009.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u2009.81\u2010.86; weighted \u03ba\u2009=\u2009.86; 95% CI =\u2009.84\u2010.88; bootstrap \u03ba\u2009=\u2009.84; 95% CI =\u2009.81\u2010.86; bootstrap\u2010weighted \u03ba\u2009=\u2009.86; 95% CI =\u2009.84\u2010.88 with 1000 bootstrapping samples). Four outcome models showed similar risk predictions for both frailty measures, with the exception of physician visits for frail participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u201cLimitations in walking half a mile\u201d can be used as a substitute criterion for \u201clow physical activity\u201d in assessing frailty. The modified frailty phenotype measure was comparable with the original frailty phenotype measure in H\u2010EPESE participants over time. Our results indicate the modified frailty phenotype is a useful longitudinally frailty measure for community\u2010dwelling older Mexican Americans.\n                      <jats:bold>J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2393\u20132397, 2019<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T03:32:55Z","timestamp":1565839975000},"page":"2393-2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Validation of the Modified Frailty Phenotype Measure in Older Mexican Americans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soham","family":"Al Snih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation, School of Health Professions University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Office of Biostatistics University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyriakos S.","family":"Markides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sociomedical Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Sodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation, School of Health Professions University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Ottenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation, School of Health Professions University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167.2016690411i"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0104-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.12.M706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.5.M283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.3.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.143958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging. 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