{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:42:56Z","timestamp":1773232976664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sorting tests detect cognitive decline in older adults who have a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer\u02bcs and Parkinson\u02bcs disease. Although equally effective at detecting impairment as other cognitive screens (e.g. Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE)), sorting tests are not commonly used in this context. This study examines the QuickSort, which is a new brief sorting test that is designed to screen older adults for cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>General community and inpatients, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older (\u226560\u2009years) community\u2010dwelling adults (n = 187) and inpatients referred for neuropsychological assessment (n = 78). A normative subsample (n = 115), screened for cognitive and psychological disorders, was formed from the community sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MEASUREMENTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were administered the QuickSort, MMSE, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale\u201021. The QuickSort requires people to sort nine stimuli by color, shape, and number, and to explain the basis for their correct sorts. Sorting (range = 0\u201312), Explanation (range = 0\u20136), and Total (range = 0\u201318) scores were calculated for the QuickSort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cognitively Healthy subsample completed the QuickSort within 2 minutes, 50% had errorless performance, and 95% had Total scores of 10 or greater. The likelihood of community\u2010dwelling older adults and inpatients (n = 260) being impaired on either the MMSE or FAB, or both, increased by a factor of 3.75 for QuickSort Total scores of less than 10 and reduced by a factor of 0.23 for scores of 10 or greater.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The QuickSort provides a quick, reliable, and valid alternative to lengthier cognitive screens (e.g., MMSE and FAB) when screening older adults for cognitive impairment. The QuickSort performance of an older adult can be compared with a cognitively healthy normative sample and used to estimate the likelihood they will be impaired on either the MMSE or FAB, or both. Clinicians can also use evidence\u2010based modeling to customize the QuickSort for their setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1604944988000},"page":"441-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a Brief Screen to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: The\n                    <scp>QuickSort<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Amie M.","family":"Foran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Dementia epidemic must be \u201cfront of mind.","volume":"17","author":"Ecomonics A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust Nurs J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"PrinceMJ WimoA GuerchetM AliG\u2010C WuY\u2010T PrinaM.World Alzheimer Report 2015: The Global Impact of Dementia: An Analysis of Prevalence Incidence Cost and Trends. London England: Alzheimer\u02bcs Disease International & King\u02bcs College; 2015.https:\/\/www.alz.co.uk\/research\/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf. Accessed February 26 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.05.2052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285612455733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.7.1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"The Halstead\u2010Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation","author":"Reitan R","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90039-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Zur Psychologie sogenannter Abstrakionsprozesse","volume":"103","author":"Weigl E","year":"1927","journal-title":"Z Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1948.9918159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests and Issues","author":"Schneider WJ","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"An updated version of the Weigl discriminates adults with dementia from those with mild impairment and healthy controls","volume":"23","author":"Beglinger LJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond SH","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.2.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"SPSS Statistics for Windows. Volume Version 25.0","author":"IBM","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment in the Age of Evidence\u2010Based Practice","author":"Bowden SC","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"CATmaker","author":"Badenoch DS","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7458.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM","author":"Straus SE","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment in the Age of Evidence\u2010Based Practice: Diagnostic and Treatment Evaluations National Academy of Neuropsychology: Series on Evidence\u2010Based Practice","author":"Bunnage M","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197507312930513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Post\u2010Test Probability Calculator","author":"Kohn MA","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2014.926455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.16898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgs.16898","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.16898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T12:08:39Z","timestamp":1762171719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.16898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.16898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16898","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}