{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:48:57Z","timestamp":1762177737999,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3P01AG027296\u201011S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3P01AG027296\u201011S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the frequency and timing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) antibody detection in a convenience sample of skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents with and without confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of SNF electronic health records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody test results were available from 81 SNFs in 16 states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six hundred and sixty nine SNF residents who underwent both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies following the first positive PCR test for confirmed cases, or first PCR test for non\u2010cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 397 residents with PCR\u2010confirmed infection, antibodies were detected in 4 of 7 (57.1%) tested within 7\u201314\u2009days of their first positive PCR test; in 44 of 47 (93.6%) tested within 15\u201330\u2009days; in 182 of 219 (83.1%) tested within 31\u201360\u2009days; and in 110 of 124 (88.7%) tested after 60\u2009days. Among 272 PCR negative residents, antibodies were detected in 2 of 9 (22.2%) tested within 7\u201314\u2009days of their first PCR test; in 41 of 81 (50.6%) tested within 15\u201330\u2009days; in 65 of 148 (43.9%) tested within 31\u201360\u2009days; and in 9 of 34 (26.5%) tested after 60\u2009days. No significant differences in baseline resident characteristics or symptoms were observed between those with versus without antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that vulnerable older adults can mount an antibody response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, and that antibodies are most likely to be detected within 15\u201330\u2009days of diagnosis. That antibodies were detected in a large proportion of residents with no confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection highlights the complexity of identifying who is infected in real time. Frequent surveillance and diagnostic testing based on low thresholds of clinical suspicion for symptoms and\/or exposure will remain critical to inform strategies designed to mitigate outbreaks in SNFs while community SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 prevalence remains high.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T03:15:04Z","timestamp":1612754104000},"page":"1722-1728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 antibody detection in skilled nursing facility residents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elie A.","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Veterans Administration Medical Center  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Canaday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Veterans Administration Medical Center  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis HealthCare  Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Santostefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine Brown University Alpert Medical School  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Feifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis HealthCare  Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gravenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine Brown University Alpert Medical School  Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Nursing Home COVID\u201019 Public File.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network.2020;https:\/\/data.cms.gov\/stories\/s\/COVID-19-Nursing-Home-Data\/bkwz-xpvg\/. Accessed November 5."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation.State Reports of Long\u2010Term Care Facility Cases and Deaths Related to COVID\u201019.2020;https:\/\/www.kff.org\/health-costs\/issue-brief\/state-data-and-policy-actions-to-address-coronavirus\/. Accessed November 21 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000334","article-title":"The Minimum Data Set 3.0 Cognitive Function Scale","volume":"55","author":"Thomas KS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M546","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.11.M546","article-title":"Scaling ADLs within the MDS","volume":"54","author":"Morris JN","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15305","article-title":"Minimum Data Set Changes in Health, End\u2010stage disease and Symptoms and Signs Scale: a revised measure to predict mortality in nursing home residents","volume":"66","author":"Ogarek JA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6947a2"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","article-title":"Targets of T cell responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 coronavirus in humans with COVID\u201019 disease and unexposed individuals","volume":"181","author":"Grifoni A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7821","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2550-z","article-title":"SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID\u201019 and SARS, and uninfected controls","volume":"584","author":"Le Bert N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6512","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3871","article-title":"Selective and cross\u2010reactive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans","volume":"370","author":"Mateus J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2610.202211"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.17061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgs.17061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.17061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T12:55:07Z","timestamp":1762174507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.17061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.17061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.17061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8614"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-5415"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}