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ADI disability and IADL disability were defined as needing any help in any item of the Katz scale and a modified Lawton's scale, respectively. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Chinese version of the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score below 24. A group\u2010based trajectory model was used to determine visual trajectories adjusted for age, sex, and education. Associations of visual trajectories with ADL disability, IADL disability, and cognitive impairment were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identified three distinct visual trajectories, including\n                      <jats:italic>no decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      (32.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>moderate decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      (48.3%), and\n                      <jats:italic>progressive decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      (19.3%) during the follow\u2010up period. Compared with the\n                      <jats:italic>no decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      trajectory, both the\n                      <jats:italic>moderate decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ADL disability: OR\u00a0=\u00a02.75, 95% CI: 2.30\u20133.28; IADL disability: OR\u00a0=\u00a03.01, 95% CI: 2.74\u20133.31; cognitive impairment: OR\u00a0=\u00a03.37, 95% CI: 3.02\u20133.76) and the\n                      <jats:italic>progressive decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ADL disability: OR\u00a0=\u00a08.50, 95% CI: 6.55\u201311.02; IADL disability: OR\u00a0=\u00a012.96, 95% CI: 9.95\u201316.87; cognitive impairment: OR\u00a0=\u00a010.84, 95% CI: 8.89\u201313.23) trajectories were significantly associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Compared with the\n                      <jats:italic>moderate decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      trajectory, the\n                      <jats:italic>progressive decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      trajectory was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADL disability (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.09, 95% CI: 2.46\u20133.89), IADL disability (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.30, 95% CI: 3.29\u20135.61), and cognitive impairment (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.22, 95% CI:2.63\u20133.93).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Older Chinese adults exhibit three distinct visual trajectories and those with decline trajectories in vision have an increased risk of functional impairment than those with a trajectory of\n                      <jats:italic>no decline<\/jats:italic>\n                      in vision.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T01:46:48Z","timestamp":1623376008000},"page":"2877-2887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Visual trajectories and risk of physical and cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Guiying","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Medical Informatics Center Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Social Work University of Denver  Denver Colorado 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