{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:08:41Z","timestamp":1791824921942,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AG065438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AG065438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03AG064323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03AG064323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence\u2010based interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation are needed, including among low\u2010income, community\u2010dwelling older adults of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Our objective was to assess the effect of a peer intervention in addressing loneliness, isolation, and behavioral health needs in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a mixed\u2010method, two\u2010year longitudinal study of a peer\u2010outreach intervention in 74 low\u2010income older adults recruited via an urban senior center in San Francisco. Structured participant surveys were conducted at baseline and every 6\u00a0months for up to 2\u2009years. Outcomes included loneliness (3\u2010item UCLA loneliness scale), social interaction (10\u2010item Duke index), self\u2010perceived socializing barriers (range: 0\u201310), and depression (PHQ\u20102 screen). Data were analyzed using mixed\u2010effects linear and logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Qualitative, semi\u2010structured interviews with participants (N\u00a0=\u00a015) and peers (N\u00a0=\u00a06) were conducted in English and Spanish and analyzed thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were on average 71\u2009years old (range: 59\u201396\u2009years), with 58% male, 15% LGBT, 18% African American, 19% Latinx, 8% Asian, 86% living alone, and 36% with an ADL impairment. On average, 43 contact visits (IQR: 31\u201397 visits) between participants and peers occurred over the first year. Loneliness scores decreased by, on average, 0.8 points over 24\u2009months (p\u00a0=\u00a00.015). Participants reported reduced depression (38%\u201316%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and fewer barriers to socializing (1.5 fewer, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Because of the longitudinal relationship and matching of characteristics of peers to participants, participants reported strong feelings of kinship, motivations to reach out in other areas of life, and improved mood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diverse older adults in an urban setting participating in a longitudinal peer program experienced reduced loneliness, depression, and barriers to socializing. Matching by shared backgrounds facilitated rapport and bonding between participants and peers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T13:26:03Z","timestamp":1630070763000},"page":"3365-3376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["A peer intervention reduces loneliness and improves social\n                    <scp>well\u2010being<\/scp>\n                    in\n                    <scp>low\u2010income<\/scp>\n                    older adults: A\n                    <scp>mixed\u2010methods<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6137-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin A.","family":"Kotwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care Service Line San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet J.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curry Senior Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soe Han","family":"Tha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care Service Line San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"M. Perissinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.1.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317703559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Assessment of the Needs of San Francisco Seniors and Adults with Disabilities Part II: Analysis of Needs and Services","author":"DAAS","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"NAS.Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X03001296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/14.ONF.629-637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219686110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Powers B.Goodger J.Byles.Duke Social Support Index. 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