{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:31:32Z","timestamp":1785785492776,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG028747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG028747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AG00262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG00262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 AG009901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 AG009901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG029315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG029315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males have worse outcomes after hip fracture than female counterparts. Cognitive impairment (CI) also increases the risk of poor recovery from hip fracture; however, CI is under\u2010recognized. Patient sex may contribute to this under\u2010recognition through differential misclassification. The objective of this study was to measure under\u2010recognition and differential misclassification of CI by patient sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional analysis of baseline data from an observational cohort study of community\u2010dwelling hip fracture patients aged 65 and older (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u2009339; females\u00a0=\u00a0171, males\u00a0=\u00a0168) recruited from eight hospitals in the greater Baltimore, MD area within 15\u2009days of hospitalization for surgical repair with cognitive testing within 22\u2009days of admission. Indication of Alzheimer's disease or related dementias and\/or delirium as a postoperative complication in the medical record was considered evidence of documented CI. Observed CI was measured with the Modified Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (3MS, \u226478). Source of cognitive impairment identification (SCI) was defined as: \u201c3MS Only,\u201d \u201cHospital Record Only,\u201d \u201cBoth,\u201d \u201cNo CI\u201d was compared between males and females using logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Males had more comorbidities and worse physical status upon admission, but otherwise had similar hospital experiences. SCI distribution was 12.7% \u201c3MS Only\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200942), 11.5% \u201cHospital Record Only\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200938), 9.4% \u201cBoth\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200931), and \u201cNo CI\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u2009219). Males were more likely to be identified with CI using the \u201c3MS Only\u201d and \u201cBoth,\u201d and females were more likely to have no indication of CI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were sex differences in the documentation of CI versus observed impairment. Males had more CI using direct testing. This may be contributing to sex differences in recovery outcomes after hip fracture. Results support the implementation of cognitive testing in hip fracture patients to reduce the impact of differential misclassification by patient sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T13:31:36Z","timestamp":1639143096000},"page":"838-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential misclassification of cognitive impairment by sex among hip fracture patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6964-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather L.","family":"Mutchie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4838-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"Orwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. John","family":"Boscardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc C.","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Magaziner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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