{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:38:06Z","timestamp":1793147886974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]],"date-time":"2021-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple types of vaccinations are associated with lower risk for dementia, but it is not known if receiving more than one vaccination type is associated with a greater decrease in incident dementia as compared with receiving only one type. We determined if dementia risk is lowest in patients who receive both herpes zoster (HZ) and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations as compared with receipt of only one or the other type of vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary analysis in a Veterans Health Administration (VA) cohort was replicated in private sector medical claims data. Eligible patients were \u226565\u2009years of age and free of dementia for 2\u2009years prior to baseline (VHA\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a080,070; MarketScan\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0129,200). At index, patients either had both HZ and Tdap, only HZ, only Tdap, or neither vaccination. Confounding was controlled with generalized boosted propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Competing risk (VHA) and Cox proportional hazard (MarketScan) models estimated the association between vaccination status and incident dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VHA patients' mean age was 76.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6\u2009years, 4.4% were female and 90.9% were White, and MarketScan patients' mean age was 70.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9 and 65.4% were female. In both cohorts, having both HZ and Tdap vaccinations compared with no vaccination was significantly associated with lower dementia risk (VHA HR\u00a0=\u00a00.50; 95% CI: 0.43\u20130.59; MarketScan HR\u00a0=\u00a00.58; 95% CI: 0.38\u20130.89). In both cohorts, compared with neither vaccination, patients with only one or the other vaccination types had a significantly lower risk for dementia. Incident dementia was lower in patients with both vaccinations versus only one vaccination type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Receiving two types of vaccinations versus one type was associated with lower dementia risk. Vaccinations may have non\u2010specific associations with incident dementia. Low cost and accessible, common adult vaccinations may be an overlooked intervention for reducing dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T02:11:37Z","timestamp":1639361497000},"page":"1157-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Comparison of rates of dementia among older adult recipients of two, one, or no vaccinations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Wiemken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"The Advanced HEAlth Data (AHEAD) Research Institute Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Advanced HEAlth Data (AHEAD) Research Institute Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Research Service Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Hoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology &amp; Immunology Saint Louis University  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey F.","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Advanced HEAlth Data (AHEAD) Research Institute Saint Louis University, School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Research Service Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-03084-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01157-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00144-4"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Past exposure to vaccines and subsequent risk of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"165","author":"Verreault R","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2019-001155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 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