{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:19:26Z","timestamp":1788941966607,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010512","name":"Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of California San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA P30\u2010AG067988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA P30\u2010AG067988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1 MH117604\u201001S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1 MH117604\u201001S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK6CX002386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK6CX002386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accumulating evidence indicates that behaviors in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias could result in incarceration. Yet, the proportion of persons diagnosed with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before they were incarcerated is largely unknown. By leveraging a national sample of mid\u2010 to late\u2010life adults who were incarcerated, we determined the prevalence of dementia and MCI before their incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this current study, participants were Medicare\u2010eligible U.S. veterans who transitioned from incarceration to the community in mid\u2010 to late\u2010life from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2018, after having been incarcerated for \u226410 consecutive years (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017,962). Medical claims data were used to determine clinical diagnoses of dementia and MCI up to three years before incarceration. Demographics, comorbidities, and duration of incarceration among those with dementia and MCI were compared to those with neither diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were &gt;97% male, 65% non\u2010Hispanic white, 30% non\u2010Hispanic black, and 3.3% had a diagnosis of either dementia (2.5%) or MCI (0.8%) before their most recent incarceration. Individuals with MCI or dementia diagnoses were older, were more likely to be non\u2010Hispanic white, had more medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and experienced homelessness and traumatic brain injury at higher rates than those with neither diagnosis. Average duration of incarceration was significantly shorter among those with MCI (201.8 [\u00b1248.0] days) or dementia (312.8 [\u00b1548.3] days), as compared to those with neither diagnosis (497.0 [\u00b1692.7] days) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings raise awareness of the proportion of incarcerated persons in the United States who have a diagnosis of MCI or dementia before they are incarcerated. Improved understanding of pathways linking cognitive impairment to incarceration in mid\u2010 to late\u2010life are needed to inform appropriateness of incarceration, optimization of health care, and prevention of interpersonal harm in this medically vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T08:26:43Z","timestamp":1645777603000},"page":"1792-1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment before incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2241-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randall L.","family":"Kuffel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Byers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brie","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Fortinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Ruderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging, School of Medicine University of Connecticut  Farmington Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, University of Connecticut  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"PatersonL.The violent arrest of a woman with dementia highlights the lack of police training.National Public Radio (USA).2021.https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/06\/15\/1004827978\/the-violent-arrest-of-a-woman-with-dementia-highlights-the-lack-of-police-traini. Accessed June 22 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"SlevinC.Officer put on leave over arrest of woman with dementia.The Associated Press News Service.2021.https:\/\/www.news10.com\/news\/national\/officer-put-on-leave-over-arrest-of-woman-with-dementia\/. Accessed June 22 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Doesn't feel right: Elderly patients with dementia handcuffed after caregivers call 911.FOX 6 Now Milwaukee.2016.https:\/\/www.fox6now.com\/news\/doesnt-feel-right-elderly-patients-with-dementia-handcuffed-after-caregivers-call-911. Accessed July 7 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"SteinR.Legal system struggles with dementia patients.The Washington Post.2003.https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/2003\/07\/28\/legal-system-struggles-with-dementia-patients\/abbc8ac7-e8b2-4bb2-b49b-3e41d54fc52f\/. Accessed July 7 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010017\u20100614\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Disabilities Reported by Prisoners: Survey of Prison Inmates, 2016","author":"Maruschak LM","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Disabilities among Prison and Jail Inmates, 2011\u201312","author":"Bronson J","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2021.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"AuguieB.gridExtra: miscellaneous functions for \"grid\" Graphics.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Ggplot2","author":"Hadley W","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010170028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)01124\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027517728554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Health in Prisons: a WHO Guide to the Essentials in Prison Health","author":"M\u00f8ller L","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29158\/JAAPL.003746\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.562218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15587"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.17724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgs.17724","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.17724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:07:47Z","timestamp":1762182467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.17724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.17724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.17724","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}