{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1779299739546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000965","name":"American Federation for Aging Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76AG057016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76AG057016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08AG052572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AG052572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76AG057106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76AG057106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital visitation restrictions during the COVID\u201019 pandemic prompted concerns about unintended consequences for older patients, including an increased incidence of delirium and agitation. While first\u2010line interventions for these conditions are non\u2010pharmacologic, a lack of family support could result in increased use of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, which are associated with poor outcomes in older adults. Little is known about the association of visitation policies with use of these medications among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cross\u2010sectional study among adults aged \u226565 hospitalized from March 1 through May 31, 2020 at four hospitals in the Mid\u2010Atlantic. The dates of onset of visitation restrictions (i.e., hospital\u2010wide guidelines barring visitors) were collected from hospital administrators. Outcomes were use of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, assessed using patient\u2010level electronic health record data. Using multivariable logistic regression with hospital and study\u2010day fixed effects, the quasi\u2010experimental study design leveraged the staggered onset of visitation restrictions across the hospitals to measure the odds of receiving each medication when visitors were versus were not allowed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2931 patients, mean age was 76.6\u2009years (SD, 8.3), 51.6% were female, 58.6% white, 32.5% black, and 2.6% Hispanic. Overall, 924 (31.5%) patients received a benzodiazepine and 298 (10.2%) an antipsychotic. The adjusted odds of benzodiazepine use was lower on days when visitors were versus were not allowed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.99). Antipsychotic use did not significantly differ between days when visitors were versus were not allowed (AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.43, 2.21).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among older patients hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic, benzodiazepine use was lower on days when visitors were allowed. These findings suggest that the presence of caregivers impacts use of potentially inappropriate medications among hospitalized older adults, supporting efforts to recognize caregivers as essential members of the care team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T05:35:00Z","timestamp":1656653700000},"page":"2988-2995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use among hospitalized older adults before versus after restricting visitation: March to May 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-4137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics and Extended Care Program Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Karlawish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kira L.","family":"Ryskina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"ReinhardS DrenkardK ChoulaR CurtisA.Alone and confused: the effects of visitor restrictions on older patients and families. AARP Thinking Policy Blog. Accessed March 25 2022.https:\/\/blog.aarp.org\/thinking\u2010policy\/alone\u2010and\u2010confused\u2010the\u2010effects\u2010of\u2010visitor\u2010restrictions\u2010on\u2010older\u2010patients\u2010and\u2010families."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"KarlawishJ.Hospitalized adults need their caregivers\u2014they aren't visitors. STAT news First Opinion. Accessed March 25 2022.https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/03\/29\/hospitalized-adults-need-their-caregivers-they-arent-visitors\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1605501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs\/15767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30755-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03763-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30370-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Atypical antipsychotic drugs information. 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