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At the baseline (2014) and follow\u2010up (2018) examinations, sleep parameters were assessed using standard questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE). Dementia was diagnosed following the DSM\u2010IV criteria, and the NIA\u2010AA criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD). Data were analyzed using restricted cubic splines, Cox proportional\u2010hazards models, and general linear models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the mean follow\u2010up of 3.7\u2009years, dementia was diagnosed in 97 participants (68 with AD). Restricted cubic spline curves showed J\u2010shaped associations of sleep duration, TIB, and rise time with dementia risk, and a reverse J\u2010shaped association with mid\u2010sleep time. When sleep parameters were categorized into tertiles, the multivariable\u2010adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident dementia was 1.69 (95%CI 1.01\u20132.83) for baseline sleep duration &gt;8\u2009hours (vs. 7\u20138\u2009h), 2.17 (1.22\u20133.87) for bedtime before 9\u2009p.m. (vs. 10\u2009p.m. or later), and 2.00 (1.23\u20133.24) for mid\u2010sleep time before 1\u2009a.m. (vs. 1\u20131.5\u2009a.m.). Early bedtime and mid\u2010sleep time were significantly associated with incident AD (HR range: 2.25\u20132.51;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among individuals who were free of dementia at follow\u2010up, baseline long TIB, early bedtime and mid\u2010sleep time, early and late rise time, and prolonged TIB and advanced bedtime and mid\u2010sleep time from baseline to follow\u2010up were associated with a greater decline in MMSE score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These associations with cognitive decline were statistically evident mainly among men or participants who were aged 60\u201374\u2009years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long TIB and early sleep timing are associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the associations with greater cognitive decline are evident only among older people aged 60\u201374\u2009years and men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T04:02:03Z","timestamp":1663732923000},"page":"3138-3151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Associations of sleep timing and time in bed with dementia and cognitive decline among Chinese older adults: A cohort 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