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Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine associations between PTSD, suicide, and unintended overdose death in mid\u2010 to late\u2010life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A nationwide cohort study integrating Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) data, Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services data, and national cause\u2010specific mortality data. Participants were US veterans aged \u226550\u2009years with PTSD diagnoses at baseline (2012\u20132013) and were propensity\u2010matched 1:1 with patients without PTSD based on sociodemographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and neuropsychiatric disorders (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0951,018). Information on suicide attempts and unintended death by overdose through December 31, 2017 was provided by the VA's National Suicide Prevention Applications Network (non\u2010fatal attempts) and Mortality Data Repository (death).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Veterans with PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0475,509) had increased risk of suicide attempt (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.54\u20131.65;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), non\u2010fatal attempt (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.67\u20131.81;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), drug overdose death overall (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.22\u20131.42;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and suicide overdose death (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15\u20131.80;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), even after adjusting for sociodemographics, Charlson comorbidity index, and neuropsychiatric disorders. We found increased risk for overdose death by narcotics (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15\u20131.46;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), antiepileptic\/sedative\u2010hypnotics (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.62;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.032), and for other\/unspecified drugs (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20\u20131.51;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), the last category indicative of polydrug. Results remained robust when examined for unintentional, suicide, and undetermined intent for cause\u2010specific death by other\/unspecified drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTSD persists throughout mid\u2010 to late\u2010life with considerable increased risk for non\u2010fatal suicide attempts and suicide overdose death. These findings suggest the importance of drug\u2010monitoring in preventing late\u2010life suicide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T07:24:07Z","timestamp":1672125847000},"page":"1462-1472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Posttraumatic stress disorder, suicide, and unintended overdose death in later life: A national cohort study of veterans aged 50 and older"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall L.","family":"Kuffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Neylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Maguen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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