{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:53:10Z","timestamp":1785851590343,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["820555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reference standard in studies on delirium assessment tools is usually based on the clinical judgment of only one delirium expert and may be concise, unstandardized, or not specified at all. This multicenter study investigated the performance of the Delirium Interview, a new reference standard for studies on delirium assessment tools allowing classification of delirium based on written reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested the diagnostic accuracy of our standardized Delirium Interview by comparing delirium assessments of the reported results with live assessments. Our reference, the live assessment, was performed by two delirium experts and one well\u2010trained researcher who registered the results. Their delirium assessment was compared to the majority vote of three other independent delirium experts who judged the rapportage of the Delirium Interview. Our total pool consisted of 13 delirium experts with an average of 13\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009years of experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 98 patients (62% male, mean age 69\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years), of whom 56 (57%) intensive care units (ICUs) patients, 22 (39%) patients with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS)\u2009&lt;\u20090 and 26 (27%) non\u2010verbal assessments. The overall prevalence of delirium was 28%. The Delirium Interview had a sensitivity of 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71%\u201398%) and specificity of 82% (95% CI: 71%\u201390%), compared to the diagnosis of an independent panel of two delirium experts and one researcher who examined the patients themselves. Negative and positive predictive values were 95% (95% CI: 86%\u20130.99%), respectively, 66% (95% CI: 49%\u201380%). Stratification into ICU and non\u2010ICU patients yielded similar results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Delirium Interview is a feasible reference method for large study cohorts evaluating delirium assessment tools since experts could assess delirium with high accuracy without seeing the patient at the bedside.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T12:19:33Z","timestamp":1676981973000},"page":"1923-1930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Delirium Interview as a new reference standard in studies on delirium assessment tools"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fienke L.","family":"Ditzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen J. C.","family":"Slooter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van den Boogaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timotheus A.","family":"van Nesselrooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Kromkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pop\u2010Purceleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J. T.","family":"Rood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Health Studies, Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care HAN University of Applied Sciences  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Jan","family":"Osse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair M. J.","family":"MacLullich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Tieges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"SMART Technology Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin J.","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C. A.","family":"Hut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.x00diagnosticclassification"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(13)60688\u20101.Delirium"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666\u20107568(22)00013\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2019874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e16c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.03.003.Delirium"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010012799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246\u2010200107000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033\u20103182(96)71517\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1985.tb07109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2012.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000085440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"EEG in Delirium","author":"Numan T","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010007\u20100618\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102006\u2010948325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216000533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.09.011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.18263","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgs.18263","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.18263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1762196662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.18263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.18263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.18263","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.12.05.22283028","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}