{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:24:46Z","timestamp":1776975886475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003550","name":"AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polypharmacy use among older adults is of increasing concern for driving safety. This study assesses the individual and joint effects of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids on the incidence of hard braking events in older drivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for this study came from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers project\u2014a multisite, prospective cohort study of 2990 drivers aged 65\u201379\u2009years at enrollment (2015\u20132017). Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hard braking events (defined as maneuvers with deceleration rates \u22650.4\u2009g and commonly known as near\u2010crashes) were estimated through multivariable negative binominal modeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 2929 drivers studied, 167\u00a0(5.7%) were taking benzodiazepines, \u00a0163 (5.6%) prescription opioids, and 23 (0.8%) both drugs at baseline. The incidence rates of hard braking events per 1000\u2009miles driven were 1.14 (95% CI 1.10\u20131.18) for drivers using neither benzodiazepines nor prescription opioids, 1.25 (95% CI 1.07\u20131.43) for those using benzodiazepines only, 1.55 (95% CI 1.35\u20131.76) for those using prescription opioids only, and 1.63 (95% CI 1.11\u20132.16) for those using both medications. Multivariable modeling revealed that the use of prescription opioids was associated with a 19% increased risk of hard braking events (aIRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.36). There existed a positive interaction between the two drugs on the additive scale but not on the multiplicative scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent use of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids by older drivers appears to affect driving safety through increased incidence of hard braking events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:58:36Z","timestamp":1691751516000},"page":"3744-3754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interaction between benzodiazepines and prescription opioids on incidence of hard braking events in older drivers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Zipei","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanford","family":"Chihuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard F.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York 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